Product Design Guide For Forging
5. MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
5.1 Forging Machinery
5.1.1 Hammers
5.1.2 Presses
5.2 Forging Processes
5.2.1 The Open Die Process
5.2.2 The Impression Die Process
5.2.2.1 Conventional Impression Die Forging
5.2.2.2 Flashless (Enclosed Impression Die) Forging
5.2.2.3 Net and Shape Forging
5.2.2.4 Hot Die and Isothermal Forging
5.2.3 The Ring Rolling Process
5.2.4 The Cold Forging Process
5.2.4.1 Alloys Used for Cold Forging
5.2.4.2 Cold Forging Processes
5.2.4.3 Product Advantages of Cold Forging
5.2.5 The Warm Forging Process
5.3 Secondary Operations
5.3.1 Heat Treating
5.3.2 Machining
5.3.3 Finishing Operations