Process Operations
| SHAFTS | |||
 |
 |
 |
 |
| 1. Starting stock, held by manipulator. | 2. Open-die forging. | 3. Progressive forging. | 4. Lathe turning to near net-shape. |
| DISCS | |||
 |
 |
 |
 |
| 1. Starting stock. | 2. Preliminary upsetting. | 3. Progressive upsetting/ forging to disc dimensions. |
4. Pierced for saddle/mandrel ring hollow "sleeve type" preform. |
| SADDLE/MANDREL RINGS | |||
 |
 |
 |
 |
| 1. Preform mounted on saddle/mandrel. | 2. Metal displacement-reduce preform wall thickness to increase diameter. | 3. Progressive reduction of wall thickness to produce ring dimensions. | 4. Matching to near net shape. |
| HOLLOW "SLEEVE TYPE" FORGING | |||
 |
 |
||
| 1. Punched or trepanned disc on tapered draw bar. | 2. Progressive reduction of outside diameter (inside diameter remains constant) increases overall length of sleeve. | ||